Glossary - EN


Our glossary is an alphabetical list of terms, acronyms and abbreviations that are used in export control with the definition or explanation for those terms. It is RespectUs made, and providing the term, the jurisdiction in which the term is used, the meaning and the source or reference: Other languages will be added over the time.



A

Term Jurisdiction Meaning Langage versions Source/Reference

1267 Committee

EU "the Committee of the UNSC which was established pursuant to UNSC Resolutions 1267(1999) and 1333(2000)"
EU Regulation 753/2011 of 1 August 2011 (Afghanistan sanctions), Article 1(g)

ABEC

EU acronym / abbreviation used in Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821, standing for "Annular Bearing Engineers Committee"
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

ABMA

EU acronym / abbreviation used in Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821, standing for "American Bearing Manufacturers Association"
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

accuracy

EU "usually measured in terms of inaccuracy, means the maximum deviation, positive or negative, of an indicated value from an accepted standard or true value" (used in categories 2, 3, 6, 7, 8 of Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821 of 20 May 2021)
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

active flight control systems

EU "systems that function to prevent undesirable "aircraft" and missile motions or structural loads by autonomously processing outputs from multiple sensors and then providing necessary preventive commands to effect automatic control" (used in category 7 of Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821 of 20 May 2021 )
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

active pixel

EU "a minimum (single) element of the solid state array which has a photoelectric transfer function when exposed to light (electromagnetic) radiation" (used in category 6 of Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821 of 20 May 2021 )
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

active tooling units

EU "devices for applying motive power, process energy or sensing to a workpiece"
EU Common Military List, Technical note under Definition of "End-effectors"

ADC

EU acronym / abbreviation used in Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821, standing for "Analogue-to-Digital Converter"
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

additive

EU "substances used in explosive formulations to improve their properties" (used in Annex of EU Directive 2009/43) (used in ML8 if EU Common Military List)
EU - Directive 2009/43, Annex 1
EU Common Military List, under Definitions of terms used in this list

adjusted peak performance

EU "an adjusted peak rate at which "digital computers" perform 64-bit or larger floating point additions and multiplications, and is expressed in Weighted TeraFLOPS (WT) with units of 10 12 adjusted floating point operations per second. N.B. See Category 4, Technical Note" (used in category 4 of Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821 of 20 May 2021 )
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

AGMA

EU acronym / abbreviation used in Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821, standing for "American Gear Manufacturers' Association"
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

AHRS

EU acronym / abbreviation used in Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821, standing for "Attitude and Heading Reference Systems"
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

aircraft

EU "a fixed wing, swivel wing, rotary wing (helicopter), tilt rotor or tilt-wing airborne vehicle" (used in categories 1, 6, 7, 9 of Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821 of 20 May 2021 ) (used in ML8, ML10, Ml14 of EU Common Military List)
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I. EU Common Military List, under Definitions of terms used in this list

airship

EU "a power-driven airborne vehicle that is kept buoyant by a body of gas (usually helium, formerly hydrogen) which is lighter than air " ( used in category 9 of Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821 of 20 May 2021 )
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

AISI

EU acronym / abbreviation used in Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821, standing for "American Iron and Steel Institute"
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

ALE

EU acronym / abbreviation used in Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821, standing for " Atomic Layer Epitaxy"
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

all compensations available

EU "after all feasible measures available to the manufacturer to minimise all systematic positioning errors for the particular machine-tool model or measuring errors for the particular coordinate measuring machine are considered" ( used in category 2 of Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821 of 20 May 2021 )
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

allocated by the ITU

EU "the allocation of frequency bands according to the current edition of the ITU Radio Regulations for primary, permitted and secondary services." ( used in categories 3 5 of Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821 of 20 May 2021 )
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

ALU

EU acronym / abbreviation used in Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821, standing for " Arithmetic Logic Unit"
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

AMPS

EU acronym / abbreviation used in Annex I of EU - Directive 2009/43, standing for " Aircraft Missile Protection Systems "
EU - Directive 2009/43, Annex 1

angle random walk

EU "the angular error build up with time that is due to white noise in angular rate (IEEE STD 528-2001). " ( used in category 7 of Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821 of 20 May 2021 )
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

angular position deviation

EU "the maximum difference between angular position and the actual, very accurately measured angular position after the workpiece mount of the table has been turned out of its initial position." ( used in category 2 of Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821 of 20 May 2021 )
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

ANSI

EU acronym / abbreviation used in Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821, standing for " American National Standards Institute"
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

anti-idiotypoc antibodies

EU "antibodies which bind to the specific antigen binding sites of other antibodies"
EU Common Military List, Technical note under definition of "Biopolymers"

APP

EU acronym / abbreviation used in Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821, standing for " Adjusted Peak Performance"
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

applicant

EU

"the exporter, in the case of exports referred to in Article 3, 11 or 16; (2) the natural or legal person, entity or body transporting the goods within the customs territory of the Union, in the case of transit referred to in Article 5; (3) the supplier of technical assistance, in the case of supplies of technical assistance referred to in Article 3; (4) the museum that will display the goods, in the case of imports and supplies of technical assistance referred to in Article 4; (5) the supplier of technical assistance or the broker, in the case of supplies of technical assistance referred to in Article 15 or brokering services referred to in Article 19;


EU - Regulation 2019/125, article 2.i

APU

EU acronym / abbreviation used in Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821, standing for " Auxiliary Power Unit"
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

arms embargo

EU "an arms embargo imposed by a decision or a common position adopted by the Council or a decision of the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) or an arms embargo imposed by a binding resolution of the Security Council of the United Nations"
EU Regulation 2021/821, article 2 (19)

ASTM

EU acronym / abbreviation used in Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821, standing for " American Society for Testing and Materials"
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

asymmetric algorithm

EU "a cryptographic algorithm using different, mathematically-related keys for encryption and decryption. " ( used in category 5 of Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821 of 20 May 2021 )
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

ATC

EU acronym / abbreviation used in Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821, standing for " Air Traffic Control"
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

authentication

EU "verifying the identity of a user, process or device, often as a prerequisite to allowing access to resources in an information system. This includes verifying the origin or content of a message or other information, and all aspects of access control where there is no encryption of files or text except as directly related to the protection of passwords, Personal Identification Numbers (PINs) or similar data to prevent unauthorised access. " ( used in category 5 of Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821 of 20 May 2021 )
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

authorization

Luxembourg "a license, prior authorization, final authorization, certificate, permit or any other authority act having a similar scope, in relation to an activity covered by" the law of 27 June 2018 on export control
Luxembourg law of 27 June 2018, article 2.2.

automated command and control systems

EU

"electronic systems, through which information essential to the effective operation of the grouping, major formation, tactical formation, unit, ship, subunit or weapons under command is entered, processed and transmitted. This is achieved by the use of computer and other specialised hardware designed to support the functions of a military command and control organisation. The main functions of an automated command and control system are: the efficient automated collection, accumulation, storage and processing of information; the display of the situation and the circumstances affecting the preparation and conduct of combat operations; operational and tactical calculations for the allocation of resources among force groupings or elements of the operational order of battle or battle deployment according to the mission or stage of the operation; the preparation of data for appreciation of the situation and decision-making at any point during operation or battle; computer simulation of operations. " ( used in Annex 1 of EU Directive 2009/43 of 6 May 2009) (used in ML11 of EU Common Military List)



EU Directive 2009/43, Annex 1.
EU Common Military List, under Definitions of terms used in this list

average output power

EU " the total "laser" output energy, in joules, divided by the period over which a series of consecutive pulses is emitted, in seconds. For a series of uniformly spaced pulses it is equal to the total "laser" output energy in a single pulse, in joules, multiplied by the pulse frequency of the "laser", in Hertz. " (used in category 6 of Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821 of 20 May 2021 )
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

B

Term Jurisdiction Meaning Langage versions Source/Reference

basic gate propagation delay time

EU " the propagation delay time value corresponding to the basic gate used in a "monolithic integrated circuit". For a ‘family’ of "monolithic integrated circuits", this may be specified either as the propagation delay time per typical gate within the given ‘family’ or as the typical propagation delay time per gate within the given ‘family’. " (used in category 3 of Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821 of 20 May 2021 )
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

basic scientific research

EU "experimental or theoretical work undertaken principally to acquire new knowledge of the fundamental principles of phenomena or observable facts, not primarily directed towards a specific practical aim or objective" (used in ML22 of EU Common Military List)
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I
EU Common Military List, under Definitions of terms used in this list

bias

EU "the average over a specified time of accelerometer output, measured at specified operating conditions, that has no correlation with input acceleration or rotation. "Bias" is expressed in g or in metres per second squared (g or m/s 2 ). (IEEE Std 528-2001) (Micro g equals 1 × 10 6 g). " (used in category 7 of Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821 of 20 May 2021 )
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

biocatalysts

EU specially designed for the decontamination or degradation of CW agents specified by ML7.b., and resulting from directed laboratory selection or genetic manipulation of biological system (used in Annex 1 of EU Directive 2009/43) (used in ML7, ML22 of EU Common Military List)
EU - Directive 2009/43, Annex 1. EU Common Military List, under Definitions of terms used in this list

biological agents

EU "pathogens or toxins, selected or modified (such as altering purity, shelf life, virulence, dissemination characteristics, or resistance to UV radiation) to produce casualties in humans or animals, degrade equipment or damage crops or the environment." (used in category 1 of Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821 of 20 May 2021 ) (used in ML7 of EU Common Military List)
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I
EU Common Military List, under Definitions of terms used in this list

biopolymers

EU

Biological macromolecules as follow:

a .  Enzymes for specific chemical or biochemical reactions;

b.  'Anti-idiotypic', 'monoclonal' or 'polyclonal' 'antibodies';

c.  Specially d esigned or specially processed 'receptors'.

(used in Annex I of EU - Directive 2009/43 of 6 May 2009 ) (used in ML7 of EU Common Military List)


EU - Directive 2009/43, Annex 1

EU Common Military List, under Definitions of terms used in this list


BJT

EU acronym / abbreviation used in Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821, standing for " Bipolar Junction Transistors"
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

BPP

EU acronym / abbreviation used in Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821, standing for " Beam Parameter Product"
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

branch (of a financial or credit institution)

EU "a place of business which forms a legally dependent part of a financial or credit institution and which carries out directly all or some of the transactions inherent in the business of financial or credit institutions"
EU Regulation 36/2012 of 18 January 2012 (Syria sanctions), Article 1(a)

broker

EU "any natural or legal person or any partnership that provides brokering services from the customs territory of the Union into the territory of a third country"
EU Regulation 2021/821, article 2 (8)
EU "any natural or legal person, entity or body, including a partnership, resident or established in a Member State that supplies services defined under point (k) from within the Union; any natural person having the nationality of a Member State, wherever resident, who supplies such services from within the Union; and any legal person, entity or body incorporated or constituted under the law of a Member State, wherever established, that supplies such services from within the Union;"
EU - Regulation 2019/125, article 2.l

brokering services


EU

"(a) the negotiation or arrangement of transactions for the purchase, sale or supply of dual-use items from a third country to any other third country; or (b) the selling or buying of dual-use items that are located in third countries for their transfer to another third country. For the purposes of this Regulation, the sole provision of ancillary services is excluded from this definition. Ancillary services are transportation, financial services, insurance or re-insurance, or general advertising or promotion;"


EU Regulation 2021/821, article 2 (7)
EU "(i) the negotiation or arrangement of transactions for the purchase, sale or supply of goods and technology or of financial and technical services, from a third country to any other third country, or (ii) the selling or buying of goods and technology or of financial and technical services, that are located in third countries for their transfer to another third country"
EU Regulation 1183/2005 of 18 July 2005 (Congo (Democratic Republic of) sanctions), Article 1(i)
EU "(i) the negotiation or arrangement of transactions for the purchase, sale or supply of goods and technology or of financial and technical services, from a third country to any other third country, or (ii) the selling or buying of goods and technology or of financial and technical services that are located in a third country for their transfer to another third country"
EU Regulation 224/2014 of 10 March 2014 (Central African Republic), Article 1.a.
EU "(i) the negotiation or arrangement of transactions for the purchase, sale or supply of goods and technology or of financial and technical services, including from a third country to any other third country; or (ii) the selling or buying of goods and technology or of financial and technical services, including where they are located in third countries for their transfer to another third country"
EU Regulation 2022/263 of 23 February 2023 (Donetsk/Luhansk sanctions), Article 1(a)
EU "i) the negotiation or arrangement of transactions for the purchase, sale or supply of goods and technology from a third country to any other third country, or (ii) the selling or buying of goods and technology that are located in third countries for their transfer to another third country"
EU Regulation 401/2013 of 2 May 2013 (Myanmar/Burma sanctions), Article 1.i.
EU

"(i) the negotiation or arrangement of transactions for the purchase, sale or supply of goods and technology or of financial and technical services, including from a third country to any other third country; or (ii) the selling or buying of goods and technology or of financial and technical services, including where they are located in third countries for their transfer to another third country"


EU Regulation 692/2014 of 23 June 2014 (Russia sanctions), article 1 (e)
EU

"(i) the negotiation or arrangement of transactions for the purchase, sale or supply of goods and technology or of financial and technical services, including from a third country to any other third country; or (ii) the selling or buying of goods and technology or of financial and technical services, including where they are located in third countries for their transfer to another third country"


EU Regulation 2022/263 of 23 February 2022 (Russia sanctions), article 1 (a)
EU "(i) the negotiation or arrangement of transactions for the purchase, sale or supply of goods and technology from a third country to any other third country, or (ii) the selling or buying of goods and technology that are located in third countries for their transfer to another third country"
EU Regulation 36/2012 of 18 January 2012 (Syria sanctions), Article 1(b)
EU

(1) the negotiation or arrangement of transactions for the purchase, sale or supply of relevant goods from a third country to any other third country, or (2) the selling or buying of relevant goods that are located in a third country for their transfer to another third country. For the purposes of this Regulation, the sole provision of ancillary services is excluded from this definition. Ancillary services are transportation, financial services, insurance or re-insurance, or general advertising or promotion;



EU - Regulation 2019/125, article 2.k
EU

i) the negotiation or arrangement of transactions for the purchase, sale or supply of goods and technology or of financial and technical services, including from a third country to any other third country, or ii) the selling or buying of goods and technology or of financial and technical services, including where they are located in third countries for their transfer to another third country;


EU - Regulation 833/2014 of 31 July 2014 (Russia sanctions), Article 1 (d)

BSC

EU acronym / abbreviation used in Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821, standing for " Base Station Controller"
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

C

Term Jurisdiction Meaning Langage versions Source/Reference

camming

EU "axial displacement in one revolution of the main spindle measured in a plane perpendicular to the spindle faceplate, at a point next to the circumference of the spindle faceplate (Reference: ISO 230-1:1986, paragraph 5.63)." (used in category 2 of Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821 of 20 May 2021 )
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

CAD

EU acronym / abbreviation used in Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821, standing for " Computer-Aided-Design"
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

calculated level

EU "a quantity determined by multiplying the quantity of each controlled substance by its ozone-depleting potential and by adding together, for each group of controlled substances in Annex I separately, the resulting figures"
EU Regulation 1005/2009 of 16 September 2009 (ozon layer), Article 3.16.

carbon tetrachloride

EU "the controlled substance specified in Group IV of Annex I" of EU Regulation 1005/2009 (ozon layer)
EU Regulation 1005/2009 of 16 September 2009 (ozon layer), Article 3.7.

CAS

EU acronym / abbreviation used in Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821, standing for " Chemical Abstracts Service"
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

CCD

EU acronym / abbreviation used in Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821, standing for " Charge Coupled Device"
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

CDU

EU acronym / abbreviation used in Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821, standing for " Control and Display Unit"
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

CEP

EU acronym / abbreviation used in Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821, standing for " Circular Error Probable"
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

central securities depository

EU " a legal person as defined in point 1 of Article 2(1) of Regulation (EU) No 909/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council; "

EU - Regulation 833/2014 of 31 July 2014 (Russia sanctions), Article 1 (j)

charcoal

EU "the products listed in Annex II" of EU Regulation (EC) 147/2003 of 27 January 2003
EU Regulation 147/2003 of 27 January 2003 (Somalia sanctions), Article 3b.2.

chemical laser

EU "a "laser" in which the excited species is produced by the output energy from a chemical reaction. " (used in category 6 of Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821 of 20 May 2021 )
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

chemical mixture

EU "a solid, liquid or gaseous product made up of two or more components which do not react together under the conditions under which the mixture is stored. " (used in category 1 of Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821 of 20 May 2021 )
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

chemical weapons

EU chemical weapons as defined in Article II of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC)
EU Decision (CFSP) 2018/1544 of 15 October 2018 concerning restrictive measures against the proliferation and use of chemical weapons
EU chemical weapons as defined in Article II of   the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC).

(Dec 2018/1544, Chemical weapons, Art. 1)   (Regulation 2018/1542, Art. 1.a.)

chlorofluorocarbons

EU "the controlled substances listed in Group I of Annex I, including their isomers"
EU Regulation 1005/2009 of 16 September 2009 (ozon layer), Article 3.5.

circulation-controlled anti-torque

EU are systems that use air blown over aerodynamic surfaces to increase or control the forces generated by the surfaces. (used in category 7 of Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821 of 20 May 2021 )
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

civil aircraft

EU "those "aircraft" listed by designation in published airworthiness certification lists by the civil aviation authorities of one or more EU Member States or Wassenaar Arrangement Participating States to fly commercial civil internal and external routes or for legitimate civil, private or business use." (used in categories 1 3 4 7 of Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821 of 20 May 2021 ) (used in ML4, ML10 of EU Common Military List)
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I
EU Common Military List, under Definitions of terms used in this list


claim

EU "any claim, whether asserted by legal proceedings or not, made before or after the date of entry into force of this Regulation, under or in connection with a contract or transaction, and includes in particular a claim: (i) for performance of any obligation arising under or in connection with a contract or transaction; (ii) for extension or payment of a bond, financial guarantee or indemnity of whatever form; (iii) for compensation in respect of a contract or transaction; (iv) which is a counterclaim; (v) for the recognition or enforcement, including by the procedure of exequatur, of a judgment, an arbitration award or an equivalent decision, wherever made or given"
EU Regulation 1183/2005 of 18 July 2005, Congo (Democratic Republic of) , sanctions), Article 1(a)
EU

"any claim, whether asserted by legal proceedings or not, made before or after the date of entry into force of this Regulation, under or in connection with a contract or transaction, including in particular: (i) a claim for performance of any obligation arising under or in connection with a contract or transaction; (ii) a claim for extension or payment of a bond, financial guarantee or indemnity of whatever form; (iii) a claim for compensation in respect of a contract or transaction; (iv) a counterclaim; (v) a claim for the recognition or enforcement, including by the procedure of exequatur, of a judgment, an arbitration award or an equivalent decision, wherever made or given"


EU Regulation 224/2014 of 10 March 2014 (Central African Republic sanctions), Article 1.b.
EU "any claim, whether or not asserted by legal proceedings, made before or after 24 February 2022, under or in connection with a contract or transaction, and includes in particular: (i) a claim for performance of any obligation arising under or in connection with a contract or transaction; (ii) a claim for extension or payment of a bond, financial guarantee or indemnity of whatever form; (iii) a claim for compensation in respect of a contract or transaction; (iv) a counterclaim; (v) claim for the recognition or enforcement, including by the procedure of exequatur, of a judgment, an arbitration award or an equivalent decision, wherever made or given"
EU Regulation 2022/263 of 23 February 2023 (Donetsk/Luhansk sanctions), Article 1(b)
EU

"any claim, whether asserted by legal proceedings or not, made before or after 28 November 2022, under or in connection with a contract or transaction, and in particular: (i) a claim for performance of any obligation arising under or in connection with a contract or transaction; (ii) a claim for extension or payment of a bond, financial guarantee or indemnity of whatever form; (iii) a claim for compensation in respect of a contract or transaction; (iv) a counterclaim; (v) a claim for the recognition or enforcement, including by the procedure of exequatur, of a judgment, an arbitration award or an equivalent decision, wherever made or given"


EU Regulation 2022/2309 of 25 November 2022 (Haiti sanctions), Article 1.a.
EU

"any claim, whether asserted by legal proceedings or not, made before or after the date of entry into force of this Regulation, under or in connection with a contract or transaction, and in particular: (i) a claim for performance of any obligation arising under or in connection with a contract or transaction; (ii) a claim for extension or payment of a bond, financial guarantee or indemnity of whatever form; (iii) a claim for compensation in respect of a contract or transaction; (iv) a counterclaim; (v) a claim for the recognition or enforcement, including by the procedure of exequatur, of a judgment, an arbitration award or an equivalent decision, wherever made or given


EU Regulation 2021/1275 of 30 July 2021 (Lebanon sanctions), Article 1(a)
EU

"any claim, whether asserted by legal proceedings or not, made before or after the date of entry into force of this Regulation, under or in connection with a contract or transaction, and includes in particular: (i) a claim for performance of any obligation arising under or in connection with a contract or transaction; (ii) a claim for extension or payment of a bond, financial guarantee or indemnity of whatever form; (iii) a claim for compensation in respect of a contract or transaction; (iv) a counterclaim; (v) a claim for the recognition or enforcement, including by the procedure of exequatur, of a judgment, an arbitration award or an equivalent decision, wherever made or given"


EU Regulation 2017/1770 of 28 September 2017 (Mali sanctions), Article 1.a.
EU "any claim, whether asserted by legal proceedings or not, made before or after the date of entry into force of this Regulation, under or in connection with a contract or transaction, and includes in particular: (i) a claim for performance of any obligation arising under or in connection with a contract or transaction; (ii) a claim for extension or payment of a bond, financial guarantee or indemnity of whatever form; (iii) a claim for compensation in respect of a contract or transaction; (iv) a counterclaim; (v) a claim for the recognition or enforcement, including by the procedure of exequatur , of a judgment, an arbitration award or an equivalent decision, wherever made or given"
EU Regulation 401/2013 of 2 May 2013 (Myanmar/Burma sanctions), Article 1.a.
EU

"any claim, whether asserted by legal proceedings or not, made before or after the date of entry into force of this Regulation, under or in connection with a contract or transaction, and includes in particular: (i) a claim for performance of any obligation arising under or in connection with a contract or transaction; (ii) a claim for extension or payment of a bond, financial guarantee or indemnity of whatever form; (iii) a claim for compensation in respect of a contract or transaction; (iv) a counterclaim; (v) a claim for the recognition or enforcement, including by the procedure of exequatur, of a judgment, an arbitration award or an equivalent decision, wherever made or given


EU Regulation 2019/1716 of 14 October 2019 (Nicaragua sanctions), Article 1.a.
EU "any claim, whether asserted by legal proceedings or not, made before or after 25 June 2014, under or in connection with a contract or transaction, and includes in particular: (i) a claim for performance of any obligation arising under or in connection with a contract or transaction; (ii) a claim for extension or payment of a bond, financial guarantee or indemnity of whatever form; (iii) a claim for compensation in respect of a contract or transaction; (iv) a counterclaim; (v) a claim for the recognition or enforcement, including by the procedure of exequatur, of a judgment, an arbitration award or an equivalent decision, wherever made or given"
EU Regulation 692/2014 of 23 June 2014 (Russia sanctions), article 1 (a)
EU "any claim, whether or not asserted by legal proceedings, made before or after 24 February 2022, under or in connection with a contract or transaction, and includes in particular (i) a claim for performance of any obligation arising under or in connection with a contract or transaction; (ii) a claim for extension or payment of a bond, financial guarantee or indemnity of whatever form; (iii) a claim for compensation in respect of a contract or transaction; (iv) a counterclaim; (v) a claim for the recognition or enforcement, including by the procedure of exequatur, of a judgment, an arbitration award or an equivalent decision, wherever made or given"
EU Regulation 2022/263 of 23 February 2022 (Russia sanctions), article 1 (b)
EU "any claim, whether asserted by legal proceedings or not, made before or after 6 March 2014, under or in connection with a contract or transaction, and includes in particular: i) a claim for performance of any obligation arising under or in connection with a contract or transaction; ii) a claim for extension of payment of a bond, financial guarantee or indemnity of whatever form; iii) a claim for compensation in respect of a contract or transaction; iv) a counterclaim; v) a claim for the recognition or enforcement, including by the procedure of exequatur, of a judgment, an arbitration award or an equivalent decision, wherever made or given"
EU Regulation 208/2014 (Russia sanctions), Article 1(a)
EU

"any claim, whether asserted by legal proceedings or not, made before or after the date of entry into force of this Regulation, under or in connection with a contract or transaction, and in particular: (i) a claim for performance of any obligation arising under or in connection with a contract or transaction; (ii) a claim for extension or payment of a bond, financial guarantee or indemnity of whatever form; (iii) a claim for compensation in respect of a contract or transaction; (iv) a counterclaim; (v) a claim for the recognition or enforcement, including by the procedure of exequatur, of a judgment, an arbitration award or an equivalent decision, wherever made or given"


EU Regulation 2019/1890 (Turkey sanctions), Article 1(a)
EU "any claim, whether asserted by legal proceedings or not, made before or after the date of entry into force of this Regulation, under or in connection with a contract or transaction, and includes in particular: (i) a claim for performance of any obligation arising under or in connection with a contract or transaction; (ii) a claim for extension or payment of a bond, financial guarantee or indemnity of whatever form; (iii) a claim for compensation in respect of a contract or transaction; (iv) a counterclaim; (v) a claim for the recognition or enforcement, including by the procedure of exequatur , of a judgment, an arbitration award or an equivalent decision, wherever made or given"
EU Regulation 2019/796 (cyber-attacks), Article 1.8.a.
EU

"any claim, whether asserted by legal proceedings or not, made before or after the date of entry into force of this Regulation, under or in connection with a contract or transaction, and in particular: (i) a claim for performance of any obligation arising under or in connection with a contract or transaction; (ii) a claim for extension or payment of a bond, financial guarantee or indemnity of whatever form; (iii) a claim for compensation in respect of a contract or transaction; (iv) a counterclaim; (v) a claim for the recognition or enforcement, including by the procedure of exequatur, of a judgment, an arbitration award or an equivalent decision, wherever made or given"


EU Regulation 2020/1998 of 7 December 2020 (human rights), Article 1.a.
EU any claim, whether asserted by legal proceedings or not, made   before or after the date of entry into force of this Regulation, under or in   connection with a contract or transaction, and includes in particular:   (i) a claim for performance of any obligation arising under or in   connection with a contract or transaction; (ii) a claim for extension or   payment of a bond, financial guarantee or indemnity of whatever form;  (iii) a claim for compensation in   respect of a contract or transaction; (iv) a counterclaim; (v) a   claim for the recognition or enforcement, including by the procedure of exequatur, of a judgment, an arbitration award or   an equivalent decision, wherever made or given

Regulation 2018/1542, Art. 1.b

CMM


EU acronym / abbreviation used in Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821, standing for " Coordinate Measuring Machine"
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

CMOS

EU acronym / abbreviation used in Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821, standing for " Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor"
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

CNTD

EU acronym / abbreviation used in Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821, standing for " Controlled Nucleation Thermal Deposition"
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

Common Military List of the European Union

Luxembourg "the list adopted annually by the Council of the European Union and incorporating the equipment covered by Council Common Position 2008/944/CFSP of 8 December 2008 defining common rules governing control of of exports of military technology and equipment"
Luxembourg law of 27 June 2018, article 2.7.

commodity

US "any article, material, or supply, except technology/technical data or software"
US, ITAR, § 120.40 (a)

communications channel controller

EU "the physical interface which controls the flow of synchronous or asynchronous digital information. It is an assembly that can be integrated into computer or telecommunications equipment to provide communications access." (used in category 4 of Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821 of 20 May 2021 )
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

compensation systems

EU consist of the primary scalar sensor, one or more reference sensors (e.g., vector "magnetometers") together with software that permit reduction of rigid body rotation noise of the platform. (used in category 6 of Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821 of 20 May 2021 )
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

competent authorities

EU "the competent authorities of the Member States as identified on the websites listed in the Annex"
EU Regulation 692/2014 of 23 June 2014 (Russia sanctions), article 1 (d)
EU "the competent authorities of the Member States as identified on the websites listed in Annex I"
EU Regulation 2022/263 of 23 February 2022 (Russia sanctions related to Donetsk/Luhansk), Article 1 (j)
EU "the competent authorities of the Member States as identified on the websites listed in Annex II"
EU Regulation 208/2014 of 5 March 2014 (Russia sanctions), Article 1 (c)
EU " an authority of one of the Member States, as listed in Annex I, which is, in accordance with Article 20, entitled to make a decision on an application for an authorisation or to prohibit an exporter from using the Union general export authorisation"
EU - Regulation 2019/125, article 2.h
EU "the competent authorities of the Member States as identified on the websites listed in Annex II"
EU Regulation 224/2014 of 10 March 2014 (Central African Republic sanctions), Article 1.d.
EU "the competent authorities of the Member States as identified on the websites listed in Annex II"
EU Regulation 1183/2005 of 18 July 2005, Congo (Democratic Republic of) sanctions), Article 1(c)
EU "the competent authorities of the Member States as identified on the websites listed in Annex II"
EU Regulation 2022/2309 of 25 November 2022 (Haiti sanctions), Article 1.c.
EU "the competent authorities of the Member States as identified on the websites listed in Annex II"
EU Regulation 2021/1275 of 30 July 2021 (Lebanon sanctions), Article 1(c)
EU "the competent authorities of the Member States as identified on the websites listed in Annex II"
EU Regulation 2017/1770 of 28 September 2017 (Mali sanctions), Article 1.c.
EU "the competent authorities of the Member States as identified on the websites listed in Annex II"
EU Regulation 401/2013 of 2 May 2013 (Myanmar/Burma sanctions), Article 1.c.
EU "the competent authorities of the Member States as identified on the websites listed in Annex II"
EU Regulation 2019/1716 of 14 October 2019 (Nicaragua sanctions), Article 1.c.
EU " the competent authorities of the Member States as identified on the websites listed in Annex I; "
EU - Regulation 833/2014 of 31 July 2014 (Russia sanctions), Article 1 (b)
EU "the competent authorities of the Member States as identified on the websites listed in Annex II"
EU Regulation 2019/1890 (Turkey sanctions), Article 1(c)
EU "the competent authorities of the Member States as identified on the websites listed in Annex II"
EU Regulation 2019/796 of 17 May 2019 (cyber-attacks), Article 1.8.c.
EU "competent authorities of the Member States as identified on the websites listed in Annex II"
EU Regulation 2020/1998 of 7 December 2020 (human rights), Article 1.c.
EU the competent authorities of the Member   States as identified on the websites listed in Annex II

Regulation 2018/1542, Art. 1.d

component

US

"an item that is useful only when used in conjunction with an end-item: (1) A major component includes any assembled element that forms a portion of an end-item without which the end-item is inoperable; and (2) A minor component includes any assembled element of a major component."


US, ITAR, § 120.40 (c)

composite

EU "a "matrix" and an additional phase or additional phases consisting of particles, whiskers, fibres or any combination thereof, present for a specific purpose or purposes." (used in categories 1 2 6 8 9 of Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821 of 20 May 2021 )
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

consumer communication devices

EU " devices used by private individuals such as personal computers and peripherals (including hard drives and printers), mobile telephones, smart televisions, memory devices (USB drives), and consumer software for all of these items; "

EU - Regulation 833/2014 of 31 July 2014 (Russia sanctions), Article 1 (q)

contouring control

EU "two or more "numerically controlled" motions operating in accordance with instructions that specify the next required position and the required feed rates to that position. These feed rates are varied in relation to each other so that a desired contour is generated. (ref. ISO/DIS 2806 - 1980)." (used in category 2 of Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821 of 20 May 2021 )
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part




contract (or transaction)

EU "any transaction of whatever form and whatever the applicable law, whether comprising one or more contracts or similar obligations made between the same or different parties; for this purpose, ‘contract’ includes a bond, guarantee or indemnity, particularly a financial guarantee or financial indemnity, and credit, whether legally independent or not, as well as any related provision arising under, or in connection with, the transaction"
EU Regulation 224/2014 of 10 March 2014 (Central African Republic sanctions), Article 1.c.
EU "any transaction of whatever form and whatever the applicable law, whether comprising one or more contracts or similar obligations made between the same or different parties; for this purpose ‘contract’ includes a bond, guarantee or indemnity, particularly a financial guarantee or financial indemnity, and credit, whether legally independent or not, as well as any related provision arising under, or in connection with, the transaction"
EU Regulation 1183/2005 of 18 July 2005, Congo (Republic Republic of) sanctions), Article 1(b)
EU "any transaction of whatever form, whatever the applicable law, and whether comprising one or more contracts or similar obligations made between the same or different parties; for this purpose ‘contract’ includes a bond, guarantee or indemnity, particularly a financial guarantee or financial indemnity, and credit, whether legally independent or not, as well as any related provision arising under, or in connection with, the transaction"
EU Regulation 2022/263 of 23 February 2023 (Donetsk/Luhansk sanctions), Article 1(c)
EU "any transaction of whatever form and whatever the applicable law, whether comprising one or more contracts or similar obligations made between the same or different parties; for this purpose ‘contract’ includes a bond, guarantee or indemnity, particularly a financial guarantee or financial indemnity, and credit, whether legally independent or not, as well as any related provision arising under, or in connection with, the transaction"
EU Regulation 2022/2309 of 25 November 2022 (Haiti sanctions), Article 1.b.
EU "any transaction of whatever form and whatever the applicable law, whether comprising one or more contracts or similar obligations made between the same or different parties; for that purpose ‘contract’ includes a bond, guarantee or indemnity, particularly a financial guarantee or financial indemnity, and credit, whether legally independent or not, as well as any related provision arising under, or in connection with, the transaction"
EU Regulation 2021/1275 of 30 July 2021 (Lebanon sanctions), Article 1(b)
EU "any transaction of whatever form and whatever the applicable law, whether comprising one or more contracts or similar obligations made between the same or different parties; for that purpose ‘contract’ includes a bond, guarantee or indemnity, particularly a financial guarantee or financial indemnity, and credit, whether legally independent or not, as well as any related provision arising under, or in connection with, the transaction"
EU Regulation 2017/1770 of 28 September 2017 (Mali sanctions), Article 1.b.
EU "any transaction of whatever form and whatever the applicable law, whether comprising one or more contracts or similar obligations made between the same or different parties; for this purpose ‘contract’ includes a bond, guarantee or indemnity, particularly a financial guarantee or financial indemnity, and credit, whether legally independent or not, as well as any related provision arising under, or in connection with, the transaction"
EU Regulation 401/2013 of 2 May 2013 (Myanmar/Burma sanctions), Article 1.b.
EU "any transaction of whatever form and whatever the applicable law, whether comprising one or more contracts or similar obligations made between the same or different parties; for that purpose ‘contract’ includes a bond, guarantee or indemnity, particularly a financial guarantee or financial indemnity, and credit, whether legally independent or not, as well as any related provision arising under, or in connection with, the transaction"
EU Regulation 2019/1716 of 14 October 2019 (Nicaragua sanctions), Article 1.b.
EU "any transaction of whatever form, whatever the applicable law, and whether comprising one or more contracts or similar obligations made between the same or different parties; for this purpose ‘contract’ includes a bond, guarantee or indemnity, particularly a financial guarantee or financial indemnity, and credit, whether legally independent or not, as well as any related provision arising under, or in connection with, the transaction"
EU Regulation 692/2014 of 23 June 2014 (Russia sanctions), article 1 (b)
EU "any transaction of whatever form, whatever the applicable law, and whether comprising one or more contracts or similar obligations made between the same or different parties; for this purpose ‘contract’ includes a bond, guarantee or indemnity, particularly a financial guarantee or financial indemnity, and credit, whether legally independent or not, as well as any related provision arising under, or in connection with, the transaction"
EU Regulation 2022/263 of 23 February 2022 (Russia sanctions), article 1 (c)
EU "any transaction of whatever form and whatever the applicable law, whether comprising one or more contracts of similar obligations made between the same or different parties; for this purpose 'contract' includes a bond, guarantee or indemnity, particularly a financial guarantee or financial indemnity, and credit, whether legally independent or not, as well as any related provision arising under, or in connection with, the transaction"
EU Regulation 208/2015 of 5 March 2014 (Russia sanctions), Article 1 (b)
EU "any transaction of whatever form and whatever the applicable law, whether comprising one or more contracts or similar obligations made between the same or different parties; for this purpose ‘contract’ includes a bond, guarantee or indemnity, particularly a financial guarantee or financial indemnity, and credit, whether legally independent or not, as well as any related provision arising under, or in connection with, the transaction"
EU Regulation 36/2012 of 18 January 2012 (Syria sanctions), Article 1(c)
EU any transaction of whatever form and whatever the applicable law, whether comprising one or more contracts or similar obligations made between the same or different parties; for that purpose ‘contract’ includes a bond, guarantee or indemnity, particularly a financial guarantee or financial indemnity, and credit, whether legally independent or not, as well as any related provision arising under, or in connection with, the transaction
EU Regulation 2019/1890 (Turkey sanctions), Article 1(b)
EU "any transaction of whatever form and whatever the applicable law, whether comprising one or more contracts or similar obligations made between the same or different parties; for this purpose, ‘contract’ includes a bond, guarantee or indemnity, particularly a financial guarantee or financial indemnity, and credit, whether legally independent or not, as well as any related provision arising under, or in connection with, the transaction"
EU Regulation 2019/796 of 17 May 2019 (cyber-attacks), Article 1.8.b.
EU "any transaction of whatever form and whatever the applicable law, whether comprising one or more contracts or similar obligations made between the same or different parties; for that purpose ‘contract’ includes a bond, guarantee or indemnity, particularly a financial guarantee or financial indemnity, and credit, whether legally independent or not, as well as any related provision arising under, or in connection with, the transaction"
EU Regulation 2020/1998 of 7 December 2020 (human rights), Article 1.b.
EU any transaction of whatever form and whatever   the applicable law, whether comprising one or more contracts or similar   obligations made between the same or different parties; for this purpose   ‘contract’ includes a bond, guarantee or indemnity, particularly a financial   guarantee or financial indemnity, and credit, whether legally independent or   not, as well as any related provision arising under, or in connection with,   the transaction


(Regulation 2018/1542, Art. 1.c


controlled substances

EU "substances listed in Annex I, including their isomers, whether alone or in a mixture, and whether they are virgin, recovered, recycled or reclaimed"
EU Regulation 1005/2009 of 16 September 2009 (ozon layer), Article 3.4.

CPLD

EU acronym / abbreviation used in Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821, standing for " Complex Programmable Logic Device"
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I





CPU

EU acronym / abbreviation used in Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821, standing for " Central Processing Unit"
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I


credit institution

EU "a credit institution as defined in Article 4(1) of Directive 2006/48/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 June 2006 relating to the taking up and pursuit of the business of credit institutions ( 1 ), including its branches inside or outside the Union"
EU Regulation 36/2012 of 18 January 2012 (Syria sanctions), Article 1(d)
EU " an undertaking, the business of which is to take deposits or other repayable funds from the public and to grant credit for its own account; "

EU - Regulation 833/2014 of 31 July 2014 (Russia sanctions), Article 1 (h)


credit rating

EU " an opinion regarding the creditworthiness of an entity, a debt or financial obligation, debt security, preferred share or other financial instrument, or of an issuer of such a debt or financial obligation, debt security, preferred share or other financial instrument, issued using an established and defined ranking system of rating categories; "

EU - Regulation 833/2014 of 31 July 2014 (Russia sanctions), Article 1 (s)

credit rating activities

EU " data and information analysis and the evaluation, approval, issuing and review of credit ratings. "

EU - Regulation 833/2014 of 31 July 2014 (Russia sanctions), Article 1 (t)

critical temperature

EU sometimes referred to as the transition temperature) of a specific "superconductive" material means the temperature at which the material loses all resistance to the flow of direct electrical current. (used in categories 1 3 5 of Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821 of 20 May 2021 )
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

crude oil and petroleum

EU

"the products listed in Annex IV" of EU Council Regulation 36/2012 (Syria sanctions)


EU Regulation 36/2012 of 18 January 2012 (Syria sanctions), Article 1(e)

cryptographic activation

EU

" any technique that specifically activates or enables cryptographic capability of an item, by means of a mechanism implemented by the manufacturer of the item, where this mechanism is uniquely bound to any of the following: 1. A single instance of the item; or 2. One customer, for multiple instances of the item." (used in category 5 of Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821 of 20 May 2021 )


EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

CVD

EU acronym / abbreviation used in Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821, standing for " Chemical Vapour Deposition"
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

customs territory of the Union

EU "the customs territory of the Union within the meaning of Article 4 of the Union Customs Code"
EU Regulation 2021/821 of 20 May 2021, article 2 (17)
EU "the territory as laid down in Article 4 of Regulation (EU) No 952/2013"
EU - Regulation 2019/125, article 2.j
EU "the territory as defined in Article 3 of Council Regulation (EEC) No 2913/92 of 12 October 1992 establishing the Community Customs Code"
EU Regulation 36/2012 of 18 January 2012 (Syria sanctions), Article 1(r)

CW

EU acronym / abbreviation used in Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821, standing for " Chemical Warfare"
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

CW (for lasers)

EU acronym / abbreviation used in Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821, standing for " Continuous Wave"
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

CW laser

EU " a "laser" that produces a nominally constant output energy for greater than 0,25 seconds. " (used in category 6 of Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821 of 20 May 2021 )
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

cyber incident response

EU "process of exchanging necessary information on a cybersecurity incident with individuals or organisations responsible for conducting or coordinating remediation to address the cybersecurity incident. (used in category 4 of Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821 of 20 May 2021 ) (used in ML21 of EU Common Military List)
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I
EU Common Military List, under Definitions of terms used in this list

cyber-surveillance items

EU "dual-use items specially designed to enable the covert surveillance of natural persons by monitoring, extracting, collecting or analysing data from information and telecommunication systems"
EU Regulation 2021/821 of 20 May 2021, Article 2 (20)

cyber-attacks

EU

"actions involving any of the following: (a) access to information systems; (b) information system interference; (c) data interference; or (d) data interception, where such actions are not duly authorised by the owner or by another right holder of the system or data or part of it, or are not permitted under the law of the European Union or the Member State concerned"


EU Decision 2019/797 of 17 may 2019 (cyber-attacks), Article 1.3. - EU Regulation 2019/796 of 17 May 2019 (cyber-attacks), Article 1.3.

cyber-attacks constituting an external threat

EU This includes cyber-attacks “which (a) originate, or are carried out, from outside the European Union; (b) use infrastructure outside the European Union; (c) are carried out by any natural or legal person, entity or bod established or operating outside the European Union.”
EU Decision 2019/797 of 17 May 2019 (cyber-attacks), Article 1.2. - EU Regulation 2019/796 of 17 May 2019 (cyber-attacks), Article 1.2.

cyber-attacks constituting a threat to EU Member States

EU

This includes cyber-attacks “affecting information systems relating to, inter alia: (a) critical infrastructure, including submarine cables and objects launched into outer space, which is essential for the maintenance of vital functions of society, or the health, safety, security, and economic or social well-being of people; (b) services necessary for the maintenance of essential social and/or economic activities, in particular in the sectors of: energy (electricity, oil and gas); transport (air, rail, water and road); banking; financial market infrastructures; health (healthcare providers, hospitals and private clinics); drinking water supply and distribution; digital infrastructure; and any other sector which is essential to the Member State concerned; (c) critical State functions, in particular in the areas of defence, governance and the functioning of institutions, including for public elections or the voting process, the functioning of economic and civil infrastructure, internal security, and external relations, including through diplomatic missions; (d) the storage or processing of classified information; or (e) government emergency response teams.”


EU Decision 2019/797 of 17 May 2019 (cyber-attacks), Article 1.4. - EU Regulation 2019/796 of 17 May 2019 (cyber-attacks), Article 1.4.

cyber-attacks constituting a threat to the European Union

EU This includes cyber-attacks “carried out against the European Union’s institutions, bodies, offices and agencies, its delegations to third countries or to international organisations, its common security and defence policy (CSDP) operations and missions and its special representatives.”
EU Decision 2019/797 of 17 May 2019 (cyber-attacks), Article 1.4. - EU Regulation 2019/796 of 17 May 2019 (cyber-attacks), Article 1.5.

cyber-attacks with a significant effect

EU The factors determining whether a cyber-attack has a significant effect (…) include any of the following: "(a) the scope, scale, impact or severity of disruption caused, including to economic and societal activities, essential services, critical State functions, public order or public safety; (b) the number of natural or legal persons, entities or bodies affected; (c) the number of Member States concerned; (d) the amount of economic loss caused, such as through large-scale theft of funds, economic resources or intellectual property; (e) the economic benefit gained by the perpetrator, for himself or for others; (f) the amount or nature of data stolen or the scale of data breaches; or (g) the nature of commercially sensitive data accessed."
EU Decision 2019/797 of 17 May 2019 (cyber-attacks), Article 3 - EU Regulation 2019/796 of 17 May 2019 (cyber-attacks), Article 2

D

Term Jurisdiction Meaning Langage versions Source/Reference

DAC

EU acronym / abbreviation used in Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821, standing for " Digital-to-Analogue Converter"
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

DANL

EU acronym / abbreviation used in Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821, standing for " Displayed Average Noise Level"
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

data-based references Navigation

EU Systems means systems which use various sources of previously measured geo-mapping data integrated to provide accurate navigation information under dynamic conditions. Data sources include bathymetric maps, stellar maps, gravity maps, magnetic maps or 3-D digital terrain maps. (used in category 7 of Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821 of 20 May 2021 )
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

data interception

EU "intercepting, by technical means, non-public transmissions of digital data to, from or within an information system, including electromagnetic emissions from an information system carrying such digital data"
EU Decision 2019/797 of 17 May 2019 (cyber-attacks), Article 2.d. - EU Regulation 2019/796 of 17 May 2019 (cyber-attacks), Article 1.7.d.

data interference

EU "deleting, damaging, deteriorating, altering or suppressing digital data on an information system, or rendering such data inaccessible; it also includes theft of data, funds, economic resources or intellectual property"
EU Decision 2019/797 of 17 May 2019 (cyber-attacks), Article 2.c. - EU Regulation 2019/797 of 17 May 2019 (cyber-attacks), Article 1.7..c.

DBRN

EU acronym / abbreviation used in Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821, standing for " Data-Base Referenced Navigation"
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

DDS

EU acronym / abbreviation used in Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821, standing for " Direct Digital Synthesizer"
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

deactivated firearm

EU

A firearm that has been made incapable of firing any projectile by processes defined by the EU Member State's or Wassenaar Arrangement Participating State's national authority. These processes permanently modify the essential elements of the firearm. According to national laws and regulations, deactivation of the firearm may be attested by a certificate delivered by a competent authority and may be marked on the firearm by a stamp on an essential part. "(used in Annex 1 of EU Directive 2009/43 of 6 May 2009)"


EU Directive 2009/43, Annex 1
EU "any product listed in the Annex" of Directive 2009/43
EU Directive 2009/43/EC, Article 3.1.
Luxembourg "goods referred to in Article 22" of the law of 27 June 2018.

For the purposes of this law, the following are considered defence-related products: 1. goods included in the Common Military List of the European Union; 2. environmental modification techniques used for military or other hostile purposes and having widespread, long-term or severe effects as a means of causing destruction, damage or injury to any State, such as defined by the Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques, adopted on 10 December 1976; 3. goods listed in the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms; and 4. goods which may be used for internal repressive purposes or the use of which poses a direct threat to public order or national or external security, the list of which is established by a Grand Duke Regulation.


Luxembourg law of 27 June 2018, articles 2.10. and 22 (1)

depleted uranium

EU "uranium depleted in the isotope 235 below that occurring in nature. " (used in category 0 of Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821 of 20 May 2021 )
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

deposit

EU

" a credit balance which results from funds left in an account or from temporary situations deriving from normal banking transactions and which a credit institution is required to repay under the legal and contractual conditions applicable, including a fixed-term deposit and a savings deposit, but excluding a credit balance where: i) its existence can only be proven by a financial instrument as defined in Article 4(1)(15) of Directive 2014/65/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, unless it is a savings product which is evidenced by a certificate of deposit made out to a named person and which exists in a Member State on 2 July 2014; ii) its principal is not repayable at par; iii) its principal is only repayable at par under a particular guarantee or agreement provided by the credit institution or a third party; "


EU - Regulation 833/2014 of 31 July 2014 (Russia sanctions), Article 1 (k)

designated person, entity or body

EU means a natural or legal person, entity or body subject to Union restrictive measures
Directive (EU) 2024/1226 of 24 April 2024, Art. 2(2)

development

EU "is related to all phases prior to serial production, such as: design, design research, design analyses, design concepts, assembly and testing of prototypes, pilot production schemes, design data, process of transforming design data into a product, configuration design, integration design, layouts. ( GTN NTN All) (used in ML17, ML21, ML22 of EU Common Military List)
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I
EU Common Military List, under Definitions of terms used in this list

Development Fund for Iraq

EU "the Development Fund for Iraq held by the Central Bank of Iraq"
EU Regulation 1210/2003 of 7 July 2003 (Iraq sanctions), Article 1.6.

diffusion bonding

EU "a solid state joining of at least two separate pieces of metals into a single piece with a joint strength equivalent to that of the weakest material, wherein the principal mechanism is interdiffusion of atoms across the interface." (used in categories 1. 2 9 of Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821 of 20 May 2021 )
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

digital computer

EU

"equipment which can, in the form of one or more discrete variables, perform all of the following: a. accept data; b. store data or instructions in fixed or alterable (writable) storage devices; c. process data by means of a stored sequence of instructions which is modifiable; and d. provide output of data." (used in categories 4 5 of Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821 of 20 May 2021 ) (used in ML21 of EU Common Military List)


EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I
EU Common Military List, under Definitions of terms used in this list

distributor

EU "an economic operator performing wholesale activities in relation to goods listed in point 3.2 or 3.3 of Annex III or in Section 1 of Annex IV, such as procuring such goods from manufacturers or holding, supplying or exporting such goods; wholesale activities of such goods do not include procurement by either a hospital, a pharmacist or a medical professional for the sole purpose of supplying such goods to the public;"
EU - Regulation 2019/125, article 2.r

DMA

EU acronym / abbreviation used in Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821, standing for " Dynamic Mechanical Analysis"
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

DME

EU acronym / abbreviation used in Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821, standing for " Distance Measuring Equipment"
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

DMOSFET

EU acronym / abbreviation used in Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821, standing for " Diffused Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor"
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

drift rate

EU "the component of gyro output that is functionally independent of input rotation. It is expressed as an angular rate." (IEEE STD 528-2001). (used in category 7 of Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821 of 20 May 2021 )
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

DS

EU acronym / abbreviation used in Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821, standing for " Directionally Solidified"
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

dual-use goods and technology

EU " the items listed in Annex I to Regulation (EU) 2021/821 of the European Parliament and of the Council; "
EU - Regulation 833/2014 of 31 July 2014 (Russia sanctions), Article 1 (a)


dual-use items


EU "items, including software and technology, which can be used for both civil and military purposes, and includes items which can be used for the design, development, production or use of nuclear, chemical or biological weapons or their means of delivery, including all items which can be used for both non-explosive uses and assisting in any way in the manufacture of nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices"
EU Regulation 2021/821 of 20 May 2021, article 2 (1)
Luxembourg "items defined as such by Regulation (EU) 2021/821 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 May 2021 setting up a Union regime for the control of exports, brokering, technical assistance, transit and transfer of dual-use items (recast)"
Luxembourg law of 27 June 2018, article 2.3.

E

Term Jurisdiction Meaning Langage versions Source/Reference

EB

EU acronym / abbreviation used in Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821, standing for " Exploding Bridge"
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

EB-PVD

EU acronym / abbreviation used in Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821, standing for " Electron Beam Physical Vapour Deposition"
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

EBW

EU acronym / abbreviation used in Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821, standing for " Exploding Bridge Wire"
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

ECM

EU acronym / abbreviation used in Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821, standing for " Electro-Chemical Machining"
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I






economic resources

EU "assets of every kind, whether tangible or intangible, movable or immovable, which are not funds but may be used to obtain funds, goods or services"
EU Regulation 753/2011 of 1 August 2011 (Afghanistan sanctions), Article 1(c)
EU "assets of every kind, whether tangible or intangible, movable or immovable, which are not funds, but may be used to obtain funds, goods or services"
EU Regulation 224/2014 of 10 March 2014 (Central African Republic sanctions), Article 1.e.
EU "assets of every kind, whether tangible or intangible, movable or immovable, which are not funds, but may be used to obtain funds, goods or services"
EU Regulation 1183/2005 of 18 July 2005 (Congo (Democratic Republic of) sanctions), Article 1(d)
EU "assets of every kind, whether tangible or intangible, movable or immovable, which are not funds but may be used to obtain funds, goods or services"
EU Regulation 1284/2009 of 22 December 2009 (Guinea sanctions), Article 1.d.
EU "assets of every kind, whether tangible or intangible, movable or immovable, which are not funds but can be used to obtain funds, goods or services"
EU Regulation 377/2012 of 3 May 2012 (Guinea Bissau sanctions), Article 1(c)
EU assets of every kind, whether tangible or intangible, movable or immovable, which are not funds, but which may be used to obtain funds, goods or services
EU Regulation 2022/2309 of 25 November 2022 (Haiti sanctions), Article 1.d.
EU "assets of every kind, whether tangible or intangible, movable or immovable, which are not funds but can be used to obtain funds, goods or services"
EU Regulation 1210/2003 of 7 July 2003 (Iraq sanctions), Article 1.3.
EU "assets of every kind, whether tangible or intangible, movable or immovable, which are not funds but can be used to obtain funds, goods or services"
EU Regulation 305/2006 of 21 February 2006 (Lebanon sanctions), Article 1.4. - EU Regulation 2021/1275 of 30 July 2021 (Lebanon sanctions), Article 1(d)
EU "assets of any kind, whether tangible or intangible, movable or immovable, which are not funds, but may be used to obtain funds, goods or services"
EU Regulation 2017/1770 of 28 September 2017 (Mali sanctions), Article 1.d.
EU "assets of every kind, whether tangible or intangible, movable or immovable, which are not funds, but may be used to obtain funds, goods or services"
EU Regulation 401/2013 of 2 May 2013 (Myanmar/Burma sanctions), Article 1.d.
EU "assets of every kind, whether tangible or intangible, movable or immovable, which are not funds, but may be used to obtain funds, goods or services"
EU Regulation 2019/1716 of 14 October 2019 (Nicaragua sanctions), Article 1.d.
EU "assets of every kind, whether tangible or intangible, movable or immovable, which are not funds, but may be used to obtain funds, goods or services"
EU Regulation 208/2014 of 5 March 2014 (Russia sanctions), Article 1 (d). EU Regulation 356/10 of 26 April 2010 (Somalia sanctions), Article 1 (c)
EU "assets of every kind, whether tangible or intangible, movable or immovable, which are not funds, but which may be used to obtain funds, goods or services"
EU Regulation 36/2012 of 18 January 2012 (Syria sanctions), Article 1(f)
EU "assets of every kind, whether tangible or intangible, movable or immovable, which are not funds but can be used to obtain funds, goods or services"
EU Regulation 305/2006 of 21 February 2006 (Syria sanctions), Article 1.4.
EU "assets of every kind, whether tangible or intangible, movable or immovable, which are not funds but may be used to obtain funds, goods or services"
EU Regulation 101/2011 of 4 February 2011 (Tunisia sanctions), Article 1(c)
EU "assets of every kind, whether tangible or intangible, movable or immovable, which are not funds, but may be used to obtain funds, goods or services"
EU Regulation 2019/1890 (Turkey sanctions), Article 1(d)
EU "assets of every kind, whether tangible or intangible, movable or immovable, which are not funds but can be used to obtain funds, goods or services"
EU Regulation 314/2004 of 19 February 2004 (Zimbabwe sanctions), Article 1(d)
EU "assets of every kind, whether tangible or intangible, movable or immovable, which are not funds, but may be used to obtain funds, goods or services"
EU Regulation 2019/796 of 17 may 2019 (cyber-attacks), Article 1.8.d.
EU "assets of every kind, whether tangible or intangible, movable or immovable, which are not funds, but may be used to obtain funds, goods or services"
EU Regulation 2020/1998 of 7 December 2020 (human rights), Article 1.d.
EU "assets of every kind, whether tangible or intangible, movable or immovable, which are not funds but can be used to obtain funds, goods or services"
Directive (EU) 2024/1226 of 24 April 2024, Art. 2(4)
EU assets of any kind, whether tangible or   intangible, movable or immovable, which are not funds, but may be used to   obtain funds, goods or services

Regulation 2018/1542, Art. 1.e

EDM

EU acronym / abbreviation used in Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821, standing for " Electrical Discharge Machines"
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

EFI

EU acronym / abbreviation used in Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821, standing for " Exploding Foil Initiators"
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

EIRP

EU acronym / abbreviation used in Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821, standing for " Effective Isotropic Radiated Power"
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

electronic assembly

EU "a number of electronic components (i.e., ‘circuit elements’, ‘discrete components’, integrated circuits, etc.) connected together to perform (a) specific function(s), replaceable as an entity and normally capable of being disassembled. " (used in categories 2 3 4 of Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821 of 20 May 2021 )
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

EMP

EU acronym / abbreviation used in Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821, standing for " Electromagnetic Pulse"
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I

end-effectors

EU "grippers, ‘active tooling units’ and any other tooling that is attached to the baseplate on the end of a "robot" manipulator arm" (used in category 2 of Annex I of EU Regulation 2021/821 of 20 May 2021 ) (used in ML17 of EU Common Military List)
EU Regulation 2021/821, Annex I, Part I
EU Common Military List, under Definitions of terms used in this list

end-item

US system, equipment, or an assembled article ready for its intended use. Only ammunition or fuel or other energy source is required to place it in an operating state
US, ITAR, § 120.40 (b)